OSM rivers to one main branch Python

Introduction

• 

  The river map of Finland. The main river is plotted using larger linewidth than the tertiarys.

• 

  1. The first plot of all the rivers without modifications.

• 

  2. The main branch and tributaries.

OSM Geofabrik provides huge amount of GIS data. I need to extract one main branch of that all.

The problems are

1. There are many rivers haring the same name
2. The shp data breaks
3. There are cycles (loops) and tributaries (branches)

1. Plot and check

The analysis of different coordinate systems is shown elsewhere.

1

import geopandas as gpd
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

finland = gpd.read_file("fi.shp")
rivers = gpd.read_file("gis_osm_waterways_free_1.shp")

#Check coordinate system
print(finland.crs)
print(rivers.crs) #Says None.
rivers = rivers.set_crs(epsg=4326)
rivers = rivers.to_crs(finland.crs)

#Other coordinate system. Looks even better, more familiar
finland = finland.to_crs(epsg=3067)
rivers = rivers.to_crs(epsg=3067)

#rivers = gpd.clip(rivers, finland) # Clip rivers to Finland

# Plotting
fig, ax = plt.subplots(figsize=(6, 10))
finland.plot( ax=ax, color="#f0f0f0", edgecolor="#444444", linewidth=0.8 )
rivers.plot( ax=ax, color="#4aa3df", linewidth=0.3, alpha=0.7 )

ax.set_axis_off() # Remove axes
plt.title("Rivers of Finland", fontsize=14)
plt.show()

The shp datafile

General format

• .shp = shapes
• .dbf = table (like a spreadsheet with headers)
• .prj = map projection

print(rivers.head())
    osm_id  ...                                           geometry
0  4251428  ...  LINESTRING (384623.065 6671261.378, 384613.062...
1  4336744  ...  LINESTRING (424219.382 6758572.023, 424231.281...
2  4418854  ...  LINESTRING (271969.063 6961997.189, 272511.243...
3  4418989  ...  LINESTRING (263355.182 6994559.516, 263029.852...
4  4494437  ...  LINESTRING (235473.685 6716109.64, 235468.154 ...

print(rivers.columns)
Index(['osm_id', 'code', 'fclass', 'width', 'name', 'geometry'], dtype='object')

print(rivers.geometry)
0         LINESTRING (384623.065 6671261.378, 384613.062...
1         LINESTRING (424219.382 6758572.023, 424231.281...
2         LINESTRING (271969.063 6961997.189, 272511.243...
3         LINESTRING (263355.182 6994559.516, 263029.852...
4         LINESTRING (235473.685 6716109.64, 235468.154 ...
                                ...                        
127498    LINESTRING (193860.594 6771306.041, 193862.48 ...
127499    LINESTRING (193500.06 6770531.712, 193481.661 ...
127500    LINESTRING (267357.405 6823421.996, 267348.152...
127501    LINESTRING (266604.152 6824271.814, 266614.528...
127502    LINESTRING (543881.124 6893248.187, 543974.428...
Name: geometry, Length: 127503, dtype: geometry

print( rivers.info() )
<class 'geopandas.geodataframe.GeoDataFrame'>
RangeIndex: 127503 entries, 0 to 127502
Data columns (total 6 columns):
 #   Column    Non-Null Count   Dtype   
---  ------    --------------   -----   
 0   osm_id    127503 non-null  object  
 1   code      127503 non-null  int32   
 2   fclass    127503 non-null  object  
 3   width     127503 non-null  int32   
 4   name      26074 non-null   object  
 5   geometry  127503 non-null  geometry
dtypes: geometry(1), int32(2), object(3)
memory usage: 4.9+ MB
None

2. Plot Kemijoki and tributaries

The beginning (loading the river data files and converting) is the same as before.

kemijoki = rivers[rivers["name"] == "Kemijoki"]
buffer = kemijoki.buffer(50000)  # 20 km buffer around the Kemijoko
buffer_gdf = gpd.GeoDataFrame(geometry=buffer, crs=rivers.crs)

kemijoki_rivers = gpd.clip(rivers, buffer_gdf)

#Find the connected parts
main_geom = unary_union(kemijoki.geometry)
connected = kemijoki_rivers[kemijoki_rivers.geometry.intersects(main_geom)]

current = main_geom
for i in range(5):  # increase if needed
    touching = kemijoki_rivers[kemijoki_rivers.geometry.intersects(current)]
    current = unary_union(touching.geometry)

final_rivers = kemijoki_rivers[kemijoki_rivers.geometry.intersects(current)]

# Plot it
fig, ax = plt.subplots(figsize=(6, 10))
ax = finland.plot(color="#f0f0f0", edgecolor="gray")

final_rivers.plot(ax=ax, color="blue", linewidth=0.4)
kemijoki.plot(ax=ax, color="darkblue", linewidth=1.5)
ax.set_axis_off()

plt.show()