Pressure in atmosphere

Introduction

ISO2533:1975

The case in Toposhere (<10 km).

• Lapse rate +6.5 °C/km
• Base temp 19.0 °C
• Base atmospheric pressure 108,900 Pa equals 1.075 atm
• Base atmospheric density 1.2985 kg/m3

International Standard Atmosphere

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Standard_Atmosphere

Earth's atmosphere's changes in

• Pressure $P$
• Temperature $T$
• Density $\rho$
• Viscosity $\eta$ or $\mu$

Hydrostatic balance ${\frac {dP}{dh}}=-\rho g$ The ideal gas law $P=\rho RT$

Reference atmospheric model

How the ideal gas properties change (mainly) as a function of altitude (etc).

Static atmospheric model

$\rho ={\frac {MP}{RT}}$ and $dP=-g\rho dh$ (see above).

Isothermal-barotropic approximation and scale height

Temperature and molecular weight are constant: density and pressure are exponential functions of altitude.

The US standard atmosphere

More realistic temperature function, consisting of eight data points connected by straight lines, which is---of course---an approximation.