Raspberry Pi Camera

Introduction

• https://magazines-attachments.raspberrypi.org/books/full_pdfs/000/000/036/original/Camera-Guide.pdf?1590756684
• https://datasheets.raspberrypi.com/camera/raspberry-pi-camera-guide.pdf
• https://www.raspberrypi.com/documentation/computers/camera_software.html

Rpicam is based on libcamera rpicam-still

To a raw jpeg file rpicam-still -r -o path/to/file.jpg

Some settings:

• --timeout 0
• --shutter 100000 takes a 100 sec photo
• -r
• --encoding png
• -o path/to/file.jpg
• --gain 1 --awbgains 1,1 --immediate Automatic Exposure/Gain Control (AEC/AGC) and Auto White Balance (AWB). Skip the preview phase entirely with the immediate option

RPi camera rev 1.3

• https://raspberrypi.stackexchange.com/questions/81964/calculating-focal-length-of-raspberry-pi-camera
• https://datasheets.raspberrypi.com/camera/camera-module-3-schematics.pdf

Focal Length 3.60 mm.

The v1 camera is based on the Omnivision OV5647.

RPi Cam ver 2

• Size ~ 25 × 24 × 9 mm
• 8 MP, 1080p47, 1640 × 1232p41 and 640 × 480p206 / 3280 × 2464 pixels
• Sony IMX219
• Sensor area: 3.68 × 2.76 mm (4.6 mm diagonal); Pixel size 1.12 µm × 1.12 µm
• Depth of field: Approx 10 cm to ∞
• f = 3.04 mm
• H Fov 62.2 deg, v Fov 48.8

Fixed focus module. Adding a +2D lens allows you to focus at about 25cm from the “target”. https://raspi.tv/2013/adapt-your-raspberry-pi-camera-for-close-up-use

Drawings with measures: https://datasheets.raspberrypi.com/camera/camera-module-2-mechanical-drawing.pdf

M12 lenses recommendation: https://www.gaojiaoptotech.com

Macro photos with V2

A V2 camera and screw out the lens until it focuses at 10cm.

M12 lenses

With any M12 mount, you do have to remove the tiny factory-stock lens from the sensor block first.

Hold https://www.thingiverse.com/thing:3347061

Focusing options

Before using these tools, you should take a hobby knife and carefully remove the glue locations so that the lens will rotate freely. You don't need to remove the glue at all: a slight twist of the tool, and the glue gives way with a little snap sound.

Tools for changing the lens (to change the focus distance):

• Key for adjusting lens of RaspiCam V2.1 https://www.thingiverse.com/thing:1941802
• A simple wrench to loosen the screw lens without damaging the plastic. Use some pliers to hold the camera unit steady so that it doesn't come off the base. https://www.thingiverse.com/thing:1570865
• Focus ring to manual focusing https://www.thingiverse.com/thing:211641
• Objective adapter (microscope objective lens (reversed)) https://www.thingiverse.com/thing:1565909

Spectroscope

https://github.com/leswright1977/PySpectrometer2?tab=readme-ov-file

• A CCTV Lens with Zoom (M12 Thread) (Search eBay for F1.6 zoom lens)

HQ Cameras

Microscopes

Some microscopes

• Pimoroni Lens
• MicroscoPy IBM + LEGO: https://github.com/IBM/MicroscoPy https://spectrum.ieee.org/build-a-sophisticated-microscope-using-lego-3d-printing-arduinos-and-a-raspberry-pi
• M4ALL Open source https://github.com/NanoBioPhotonics-Strathclyde/M4All
• Picroscope https://www.instructables.com/Picroscope-a-Low-Cost-Interactive-Microscope/
• MicroscpPi https://microscopiproject.wordpress.com/
• Soldering microscope https://www.instructables.com/Raspberry-Pi-Zero-HDMIWiFi-Soldering-Microscope/
• OpenFlexture https://openflexure.org/projects/microscope/ https://openflexure.org/
• gjcroft's https://github.com/gjcroft/microscope
• PiAutoStage to move https://www.raspberrypi.com/news/piautostage-a-universally-adaptable-microscope-stage/
• Pi4 Microscope https://www.waveshare.com/wiki/Pi4_Microscope_Kit
• Pi Microscope https://hackaday.io/project/167996-pi-microscope#menu-description
• Core Electronics Microscope https://core-electronics.com.au/projects/raspberry-pi-microscope/
• RPiScope https://www.instructables.com/ARPM-Another-raspberry-pi-microscope-made-from-Ple/
• Microscope-PiCam https://github.com/henkrijneveld/Microscope-PiCam
• pi-macroscope https://github.com/leoscholl/pi-macroscope

Macro photography

Reproduction ratio: The ratio of the subject size on the sensor plane to the actual subject size.

• Auxialiary close-up lens.
• Extension to get it closer
• Wide-angle lens used as a reversed lens in front of a macro lens https://forums.raspberrypi.com/viewtopic.php?f=43&t=276084