Molecular gastronomy: Difference between revisions
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=== Sitko eli gluteeni === | === Sitko eli gluteeni === | ||
Vehnässä on proteiinia n 13% [Wikipedia]. | Vehnässä on proteiinia n 13% [Wikipedia] (josta 47% gluteniinia). | ||
In the wheat seed, the two main components of gluten are gliadins and glutenins. Both are not water-soluble. | In the wheat seed, the two main components of gluten are gliadins and glutenins. Both are not water-soluble. |
Revision as of 17:23, 26 January 2024
Introduction
Some interesting experiments about molecular gastronomy.
Molekyyligastronomia. Gastronomia.
Theory
Egg
Koageloituminen; valkuainen ja keltuainen.
Butter
Voin kirkastaminen.
Sorbetti
Gelato
Kerma (6-9%), sokeri ja ilma (65%). Jäätelössä on enemmän ilmaa kuin gelatossa. Lisäksi jäätelössä on usein munanvalkuaista. Gelatossa on yleensä enemmän maitoa.
Munanvalkuainen lisää rasvaa ja stabiloi. Kaupallisessa jäätelössä on myös muita stabiloijia, kuten guargumia. Stabilointi estää isompien jääkiteiden synnyn.
Marenki
- Munanvalkuaisen / sokerin suhde
- Vatkauksen määrä
- Uunituksen määrä
Mikroskooppi.
Puuron pentagoni
Tuulihatut
- 100 g voita
- 3 dl vettä
- 2 dl vehnäjauhoja
- 3 munaa
- 1/2 tl leivinjauhetta
- Sidokset
- Uunittamisen fysiikkaa
- Kananmunan merkitys
Sitko eli gluteeni
Vehnässä on proteiinia n 13% [Wikipedia] (josta 47% gluteniinia).
In the wheat seed, the two main components of gluten are gliadins and glutenins. Both are not water-soluble.
Gluten usually refers to a combination of prolamin and glutelin proteins; in wheat it consists of gliadin and glutenin.
- Prolamins are a group of plant storage proteins (a high proline amino acid content). High glutamine and proline content, poor solubility in water.
- Gliadin (a type of prolamin) is a class of proteins present in wheat etc. Gliadins are essential for giving bread the ability to rise. Are soluble in 70% ethanol. There are 3 main types of gliadin. Gliadins are intrinsically disordered proteins (continously altering shapes), but the average shape is an ellipse with an tadpole like structure with hydrophobic core and disordered tail. Gliadins are monomeric molecules in the cell: the gliadins are unable to form polymers because its cysteines form intra-chain disulphide bonds are synthesis due to hydrophobic interactions. However, gliadins are capable to aggregate into larger oligomers and interact with other other gluten proteins (due to large hydrophobic sections, poly-Q and repetative sequencies).
- glutelin is a class of prolamin proteins. Glutelins are rich in hydrophobic amino acids (phenylalanine, valine, tyrosine, proline and leucine) [wikipedia].
- Glutenin is major protein within wheat flour (47% of total proteins). Thus, it is the most common glutelin, barley and rye has different glutelin proteins. The glutenins are protein aggregates. Glutenin forms extended polymer networks due to disulphide bonds.
Gluteiini on vehnän eräs proteiini, joka syntyy jyvän proteiineista taikinan vesiliuoksessa. Jauho-vesi-taikinaa vaivattaessa gliadiini ja gluteniini järjestyvät gluteeniksi.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gluten
https://www.uniprot.org/uniprotkb/P04706/entry
Suola ja sitko
Suola on säilöntäaine: tappaa mikrobit (ja hiivan). Suolaa tarvitaan sitkoon eli gluteeiniin (tiivis, venyvä ja joustava verkosto, joka antaa taikinalle sen sitkon).
Gluteiini on vehnän eräs proteiini, joka syntyy jyvän proteiineista taikinan vesiliuoksessa. Jauho-vesi-taikinaa vaivattaessa gliadiini ja gluteniini järjestyvät gluteeniksi.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gluten
Lihan pinta
Maillard reaction: amino acids and reducing sugars to create melanoidins (the compounds that give browned food its distinctive flavour) [Wikipedia]. Reaction proceeds rapidly between 140 and 165 °C.
Karamellisaatio
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caramelization
- caramelans (C24H36O18),
- caramelens (C36H50O25), and
- caramelins (C125H188O80).
As the process occurs, volatile chemicals such as diacetyl are released, producing the characteristic caramel flavor. [wikipedia].
Suklaan määrän vaikutus masaliisan ominaisuuksiin
Masaliisa
- 3 munaa
- 4 dl sokeria
- 5 dl jauhoja
- 2 tl vaniljasokeria
- 4 tl leivinjauhetta
- 2 rkl kaakaota
Lisää vielä
- 200 g voita
Varioi kaakaon määrää
- 0,5 rkl
- 1 rkl
- 2 rkl
- 3 rkl
- 4 rkl
Compounds
- glykoalkaloidi (Solaniini, Kakoniini)
- Kalsiumpropionaatti