Raspberry Pi Camera: Difference between revisions

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== Introduction ==
== Introduction ==


* https://magazines-attachments.raspberrypi.org/books/full_pdfs/000/000/036/original/Camera-Guide.pdf?1590756684
* https://datasheets.raspberrypi.com/camera/raspberry-pi-camera-guide.pdf
* https://www.raspberrypi.com/documentation/computers/camera_software.html
Rpicam is based on libcamera
<code>rpicam-still</code>
<code>rpicam-still</code>


== I ==
To a raw jpeg file
<code>rpicam-still -r -o path/to/file.jpg</code>
 
Some settings:
* <code>--timeout 0</code>
* <code>--shutter 100000</code> takes a 100 sec photo
* <code>-r</code>
* --encoding png
* <code>-n 1</code>
* <code> --width 4056 --height 3040 </code>
* <code>-o path/to/file.jpg</code>
* <code>--gain 1 --awbgains 1,1 --immediate</code>  Automatic Exposure/Gain Control (AEC/AGC) and Auto White Balance (AWB).  Skip the preview phase entirely with the immediate option
 
=== White Balance ===
 
<code>libcamera-still --awb custom --awbgains 0.9,2.0 </code>
 
In <code>--awbgains 0.9,2.0</code>, we have <code>--awbgains red,blue</code> 
* 0.9 is the gain for the red channel and
* 2.0 is the gain for the blue channel.
 
In other words, if your image is:
* too red -> decrease the first number
* too blue -> decrease the second number
* too yellow -> increase the second number (blue)
* too green -> increase both numbers
* too pink ->
 
== RPi camera rev 1.3 ==
 
* https://raspberrypi.stackexchange.com/questions/81964/calculating-focal-length-of-raspberry-pi-camera
* https://datasheets.raspberrypi.com/camera/camera-module-3-schematics.pdf
 
Focal Length 3.60 mm.
 
The v1 camera is based on the Omnivision OV5647.
 
== RPi Cam ver 2 ==
 
== Specs ===
 
* Size ~ 25 × 24 × 9 mm
* 8 MP, 1080p47, 1640 × 1232p41 and 640 × 480p206 / 3280 × 2464 pixels
* Sony IMX219
* Sensor area: 3.68 × 2.76 mm (4.6 mm diagonal); Pixel size 1.12 µm × 1.12 µm
* Depth of field: Approx 10 cm to ∞
* f = 3.04 mm
* H Fov 62.2 deg, v Fov 48.8
 
Fixed focus module. Adding a +2D lens allows you to focus at about 25cm from the “target”. https://raspi.tv/2013/adapt-your-raspberry-pi-camera-for-close-up-use
 
Drawings with measures: https://datasheets.raspberrypi.com/camera/camera-module-2-mechanical-drawing.pdf
 
M12 lenses recommendation: https://www.gaojiaoptotech.com
 
=== Macro photos with V2 ===
 
A V2 camera and screw out the lens until it focuses at 10cm.
 
=== M12 lenses ===
 
With any M12 mount, you do have to remove the tiny factory-stock lens from the sensor block first.
 
Hold https://www.thingiverse.com/thing:3347061
 
=== Focusing options ===
Before using these tools, you should take a hobby knife and carefully remove the glue locations so that the lens will rotate freely. You don't need to remove the glue at all: a slight twist of the tool, and the glue gives way with a little snap sound.
 
Tools for changing the lens (to change the focus distance):
* Key for adjusting lens of RaspiCam V2.1  https://www.thingiverse.com/thing:1941802
* A simple wrench to loosen the screw lens without damaging the plastic. Use some pliers to hold the camera unit steady so that it doesn't come off the base. https://www.thingiverse.com/thing:1570865
* Focus ring to manual focusing https://www.thingiverse.com/thing:211641
* Objective adapter (microscope objective lens (reversed)) https://www.thingiverse.com/thing:1565909
*
 
=== Spectroscope ===
 
https://github.com/leswright1977/PySpectrometer2?tab=readme-ov-file
* A CCTV Lens with Zoom (M12 Thread) (Search eBay for F1.6 zoom lens)
 
== HQ Cameras ==
 
=== a ===
 
=== b ===
 
=== Microscopes ===
 
Some microscopes
 
* Pimoroni Lens
* MicroscoPy IBM + LEGO: https://github.com/IBM/MicroscoPy https://spectrum.ieee.org/build-a-sophisticated-microscope-using-lego-3d-printing-arduinos-and-a-raspberry-pi
* M4ALL Open source https://github.com/NanoBioPhotonics-Strathclyde/M4All
* Picroscope https://www.instructables.com/Picroscope-a-Low-Cost-Interactive-Microscope/
* MicroscpPi https://microscopiproject.wordpress.com/
* Soldering microscope https://www.instructables.com/Raspberry-Pi-Zero-HDMIWiFi-Soldering-Microscope/
* OpenFlexture  https://openflexure.org/projects/microscope/ https://openflexure.org/
* gjcroft's https://github.com/gjcroft/microscope
* PiAutoStage to move https://www.raspberrypi.com/news/piautostage-a-universally-adaptable-microscope-stage/
* Pi4 Microscope https://www.waveshare.com/wiki/Pi4_Microscope_Kit
* Pi Microscope https://hackaday.io/project/167996-pi-microscope#menu-description
* Core Electronics Microscope https://core-electronics.com.au/projects/raspberry-pi-microscope/
* RPiScope https://www.instructables.com/ARPM-Another-raspberry-pi-microscope-made-from-Ple/
* Microscope-PiCam https://github.com/henkrijneveld/Microscope-PiCam
* pi-macroscope https://github.com/leoscholl/pi-macroscope
 
=== Macro photography ===
 
Reproduction ratio: The ratio of the subject size on the sensor plane to the actual subject size.


== I ==
* Auxialiary [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Close-up_lens close-up lens].
* Extension to get it closer
* Wide-angle lens used as a reversed lens in front of a macro lens https://forums.raspberrypi.com/viewtopic.php?f=43&t=276084
*


== I ==
=== d ===


== I ==
== I ==

Latest revision as of 17:16, 19 March 2025

Introduction

Rpicam is based on libcamera rpicam-still

To a raw jpeg file rpicam-still -r -o path/to/file.jpg

Some settings:

  • --timeout 0
  • --shutter 100000 takes a 100 sec photo
  • -r
  • --encoding png
  • -n 1
  • --width 4056 --height 3040
  • -o path/to/file.jpg
  • --gain 1 --awbgains 1,1 --immediate Automatic Exposure/Gain Control (AEC/AGC) and Auto White Balance (AWB). Skip the preview phase entirely with the immediate option

White Balance

libcamera-still --awb custom --awbgains 0.9,2.0

In --awbgains 0.9,2.0, we have --awbgains red,blue

  • 0.9 is the gain for the red channel and
  • 2.0 is the gain for the blue channel.

In other words, if your image is:

  • too red -> decrease the first number
  • too blue -> decrease the second number
  • too yellow -> increase the second number (blue)
  • too green -> increase both numbers
  • too pink ->

RPi camera rev 1.3

Focal Length 3.60 mm.

The v1 camera is based on the Omnivision OV5647.

RPi Cam ver 2

Specs =

  • Size ~ 25 × 24 × 9 mm
  • 8 MP, 1080p47, 1640 × 1232p41 and 640 × 480p206 / 3280 × 2464 pixels
  • Sony IMX219
  • Sensor area: 3.68 × 2.76 mm (4.6 mm diagonal); Pixel size 1.12 µm × 1.12 µm
  • Depth of field: Approx 10 cm to ∞
  • f = 3.04 mm
  • H Fov 62.2 deg, v Fov 48.8

Fixed focus module. Adding a +2D lens allows you to focus at about 25cm from the “target”. https://raspi.tv/2013/adapt-your-raspberry-pi-camera-for-close-up-use

Drawings with measures: https://datasheets.raspberrypi.com/camera/camera-module-2-mechanical-drawing.pdf

M12 lenses recommendation: https://www.gaojiaoptotech.com

Macro photos with V2

A V2 camera and screw out the lens until it focuses at 10cm.

M12 lenses

With any M12 mount, you do have to remove the tiny factory-stock lens from the sensor block first.

Hold https://www.thingiverse.com/thing:3347061

Focusing options

Before using these tools, you should take a hobby knife and carefully remove the glue locations so that the lens will rotate freely. You don't need to remove the glue at all: a slight twist of the tool, and the glue gives way with a little snap sound.

Tools for changing the lens (to change the focus distance):

Spectroscope

https://github.com/leswright1977/PySpectrometer2?tab=readme-ov-file

  • A CCTV Lens with Zoom (M12 Thread) (Search eBay for F1.6 zoom lens)

HQ Cameras

a

b

Microscopes

Some microscopes

Macro photography

Reproduction ratio: The ratio of the subject size on the sensor plane to the actual subject size.

d

I

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