ESA Teach with space online conference 2021

Introduction

Speaker: Monica Talevi, ESA Education

https://educationforms.esa.int/booklet.pdf

STEM Education: Today's challenges:

• Traditional science education is no longer effective today
• Society is confronted with new global challenges
• Economy is rapidly evolving
• Never has the clock been ticking so fast

The strengths of space in school education

• Modern myth
• Contemporary culture
• . . .

Yearly Challenges

• Astro Pi
• Climate Detectives
• Moon Camp
• European CanSat competition http://cansat.esa.int
• Mission X - Train like an astronaut (8-12 yo) http://www.stem.org.uk/missionx

ESERO: Space for education goes national. Also Finland/ Estonia

Paxi the alien and ESAkids (3-10 yo). The most read ESA weboage www.esa.int/kids

ESA Education team.

https://www.esa.int/Education/Teachers_Corner/Teach_with_space3

Luca Parmatano dj:ing from the ISS. LIVE from Space with Luca Parmitano by ESA & BigCityBeats

The Size of the solar system

Eight Planets. Asteroid Belt. Dwarf planets: Ceres, Pluto, Eris, Makemake, Haumea.

How big is the Sun (G2 main seq star -- a relatively average star)?

Material: Pen, paper, scissors. Uranus in the middle, Sun and Pluto opposite ends. All other in half. AU; Fractions: Mars: 1/32, 1/16, 1/8, 1/4, 1/2, 3/4, Pluto: 1.

Climate from space

Speaker: Paul Fisher, ESA Climate Office

Taking the pulse of our planet. 54 parameters.

Sentinel 6 monitors sea level using laser @ 1mm accuracy.

https://climate.esa.int/en/educate/climate-for-schools/

https://www.esa.int/Applications/Observing_the_Earth/CryoSat

https://cfs.climate.esa.int/index.html#/

https://climate.esa.int/en/educate/climate-for-schools/

Weather and climate in the classroom

Experiment: Soil, water, two temp meters, clingfilm (as atmosphere), lamp/ sun. Leave the other open, put both to strong lamp or sun.

https://www.esa.int/Education/Teachers_Corner/Earth_under_the_lid_-_Understanding_the_greenhouse_effect_Teach_with_space_PR15

https://www.esa.int/Education/Climate_detectives/Classroom_resources_for_Climate_Detectives

Greenhouse Effect: Mars, Earth, Venus.

Ocean Acidification: the effect that CO2 produced by burning candles has on the acidity of water. Expereiment: Water, 2 cups, pH. Pour 40 ml water into plasctic containers. Add 40 ml red gabbage ph indicator into both containers. Light the candles, put both in one container -- other is the control sample. Put the bigger cup on the candle plastic container. Light the candles again and repeat the experiment to have stronger effect. Note that the change is logarithmic. Carbonic acid as such does not exist, it decomposes into H + and HCO3- in aqueous solution, which is what happens in this experiment.

https://www.esa.int/ESA_Multimedia/Videos/2021/04/Using_satellites_to_understand_ocean_acidification

The ice is melting: Investigate the effects of melting ice. Will the sealevel change, will the temperature change, watching the glacier. Sea Ice vs Land Ice: Two cups, ice cubes, rocks. Check the overflow.

How can satellites measure sea level from above?

https://www.esa.int/ESA_Multimedia/Videos/2020/11/Learn_about_sea-level_rise_and_Copernicus_Sentinel-6

https://www.esa.int/Education/Teach_with_Earth

https://climatedetectives.esa.int

Clean Space

Speaker: Antonio Caiazzo, ESA Clean Space office

Enormous amount of space debris (junk).

Earth Orbits: The main three orbits: Leo (Science, Wetaher, Internet, Earth Observation), Meo (Comminication, Geodetic Science, Navigation), Geo (Navigation, Communication, Meteorology). Protected region (Leo, Geo).

Have you ever been hit by space debris?

Cleaning space debris

Why is there junk in space?

• Collisions. Chain reactions of marbles (10, 15 and 100 marbles). (Domino Effect vs chain reaction, Kessler effect, butterfly effect)
• How big are space debris. Impact test with crisps, and analyzing the results. Drop the marble three times into same crisp. Count the number of different size of crisps.

Cleaning up Space

Grab that space junk. Net, harpoon, robotic arm. . .

• Design and discuss your debris grabbing tool.
• Reaching the debris - unfurling tentacles. Create the robotic arm: Paper, straws, legos (as debris), tape, elastic band.
• Grabbing the debris - sticky surfaces. Glue, magnetic (double sided, velcro) tape
• Design and build your own device

Coming back to Earth safely

• Satellite slowdown. Parachute.
• The satellite backpack challenge. Spinning rotors: Scissors, sugar paper, spinners, cling film, stop watch.

EO Browser - Do it Yourself Earth Observation

The blue marble. First EO satellites in late 1970s. Different EM spectra. Six Sentinel satellites.

Advanced search: Max cloud coverage. Timelapse! NDVI download as csv.

https://apps.sentinel-hub.com/eo-browser/

http://leoworks.terrasigna.com/

https://www.esa.int/ESA_Multimedia/Videos/2017/01/ESA_s_Earth_Observation_Programmes_an_introduction

Virtual tour of ESTEC facilities

Speaker: Robert Willemsen

Largest satellite test center in Europe etc. . .

https://www.esa.int/About_Us/ESTEC

3d printing in space. Titanium powder, laser will melt. Hard plastic printer. 3d bioprinting skin, bones, organs. 3d printing bricks from moondust (volcanic material). 3d printing a lunar base (it will take 3 months to build).

Controlling robots on Earth from ISS (0g) using force joystick.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SAi2bR6hwHg

https://www.esa.int/ESA_Multimedia/Videos/2018/09/Horizons_science_robotics

Space exploration and sustainability

Speaker: Tim Peake, ESA Astronaut https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VSm5k-gQdnA

Tea Bag balloon

Science, chemistry, physics. Air, winds, Earth's wind and atmosphere.

The science of Space Movies

Gravity the movie. Gravity and Newton's laws. What is pulling George Clooney?

2001: A Space Odyssey and artificial gravity. $a_{c}=r\omega ^{2}$, $v=\omega r$. $\omega \approx 1.4rad/s$, $v=7m/s$. Note: The gravity in the feet would be 9.8 m/s2 but the one experienced in the head is about 8 m/s2.

Sunshine: The sun is dying. 1) Exposure to the Sun. $P_{sun}=4iR_{sun}^{2}\sigma T_{sun}^{4}$. . . At the specific distance from the sun (D is 1/3 of AU): $P_{D}={\frac {A_{S,human}R^{2}\sigma T^{4}}{D^{2}}}$ $P_{human}=\epsilon A_{human}\sigma T_{human}^{4}$ Thermal eq: $P_{D}=P_{human}$ gives $T_{human}\approx 573K$

OBS! Solar Orbiter!

Sunshine: 2) Explosure to Space (shade). Would we instantly freeze in Space shade? Space is a vacuum (no convection, no conduction, only radiation): Stefan Boltzmann Law.

$P_{net}=A\sigma T_{b}\approx 1000W$. Using $Q=mc\Delta T$ gives we would freeze after about 3 hours (tissue freezes at -0.5C</math>.

Starwars. Sound of Light Sabers.

Interstellar and yhe Garganda black hole.

The Martian. Storm Report. Storms on Mars are mostly dust storms. The atmosphere density is 1% of Earth's. "If standing on Mars, a 100 mph wind would feel like womeone was throwing a bag of feathers at you." -Jim Bell.

Journey to the Center of the Earth.

How does space benefit society?

Speaker: Amanda Regan, ESA Phi Lab

Scientific & Societal challenges,Excellence & Innovation and . . .

Earth Disc.

GOCE, SMOS, CRYOSAT,

Copernicus - a new phase in EO (Earth Observation). Chlorophyl.

Remote sensing: Optical, Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) [], Infrared. Huge amount of examples.

George Couros: Technology will not replace great teachers, but in the hands of great teachers technology will ...

Understanding our Earth from Space with Easy-to-Use Augmented Reality Apps

Columbus eye

Algal bloom.

http://esero.de/post/160

https://ruhr-uni-bochum.sciebo.de/s/jNlUigAmiB0Fzmt

ESERO Germany!

Exoplanets in a box

Material: shoebox, LED torch, light meter (phone), craft kniddle, semi circular protactor, clothes peg, cocktail sticks, plane white paper, sticky tape, modelling clay: exoplanets.

shorturl.at/qvyDY https://educationforms.esa.int/teachers/wp-content/uploads/sites/6/2021/07/exoplanet_ESAteachwithspaceonlineconference.pdf

• Physics Toolbox Sensor suite (vieyrasoftware.net)
• Phyphox - physical phone experiments.

Radius of the planet.

• Change the size of your explanet. Can you observe any difference in your transit?
• Change the distance of the planet to the star
• Change the material used to create the exoplanet
• Change the planet to a ring

Flux / illuminance.

Rotating pendulum.

Kate Isaak (ESTEC): Exoplanets. Are we alone? Cloe-in "hot" Jupiters, Super-Earths/ mini-Neptunes. Transit photometry: Jupiter-Sun ~1%, Earth-Sun ~0.01%. First-step characterization: Mass, Radius => internal composition + structure.

Robotics: Mission to Mars

Speaker: Jorge Vago, ESA’s ExoMars Project Scientist

Extreme Environments on Earth

Speaker: Stijn Thoole, previous ESA-sponsored research doctor at Concordia Station, Antarctica

ESERO Fi

https://www.esero.fi/cansat2022 https://cansat.esa.int/