Carnot Cycle

Introduction

1. Isothermal expansion (No heat transfer / energy transfers): Heat is transferred from the hot reservoir to the gas.
2. Isentropic (reversible adiabatic: Heat transfers / no energy transfer) expansion: without transfer of heat to or from a system, so that Q = 0, is called adiabatic, and such a system is said to be adiabatically isolated. Eg. the compression of a gas within a cylinder of an engine is assumed to be rapid that little of the system's energy is transferred out as heat to the surroundings.
3. Isothermal compression
4. Isentropic compression

Ideal Gas

Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle pV = nRT} , or more generally polytropic process: Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle pV^\gamma = C} , where is different processes depending on the value of the n:

1. n = 0: isobaric
2. n = ∞: isochoric
3. n = 1: isothermal
4. n = γ: isentropic (adiabatic)

Adiabatic index Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle \gamma = c_p/c_v} is for the air 7/5. For the ideal gas we have Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle p^{1-\gamma} T^\gamma = C} and $TV^{\gamma -1}=C$.

1. (n=1) Isothermal compression: T is constant, thus we have Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle p =C/V } .
2. (n=γ) Isentropic Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle p=C/V^\gamma}