View source for Pimoroni Galactic Unicorn Hello World

== Introduction ==

583 RGB leds in 53x11 grid. Raspberry Pi Pico W (microcontroller), speaker with amplifier, two (2) I2C Stemma/qt sensor sockets (3 or 4 pin JST PH), a light sensor (phototransistor) facing front and nine (9) control buttons, a reset button, JST-PH battery connector.

== Connecting to other sensors ==

2 x QW/ST Connections (4 pin 1.00 mm pitch Stemma QT / Qwiic). Stemma QT works on both, 5V and 3.3V logic, but Pico W is a 3.3 V system and Arduino Uno 5V.

* Stemma is Adafruit's [three or four pin JST PH with 2.00 mm pitch. The three pin for analog IO devices and four pin is for I2C.] Stemma QT is a smaller version of the four pin Stemma format, with a 1.0 mm pitch, and is only for I2C.
* Qwiic is Sparkfun's connector type

The buttons and the QW/ST connectors are the only means to interface with Galactic Unicorn, and Wifi of course. It is possible to get StemmaQT to male jumper wire adapters for use with I2C devices or for basic GPIO access.

Stemma QT
* Black for GND
* Red for V+
* Blue for SDA
* Yellow for SCL

Galactic Unicorn uses GP4 and GP5 for its I2C interface. You can use the constants in the shared pimoroni module to set up the I2C interface. https://github.com/pimoroni/pimoroni-pico/blob/main/micropython/modules/galactic_unicorn/README.md#using-breakouts

Master, Slave

More information
* https://github.com/nickgammon/I2C_Anything 
* https://arduino.stackexchange.com/questions/16292/sending-and-receiving-different-types-of-data-via-i2c-in-arduino

=== Connect to Arduino UNO ===

Pico W is a 3.3 V system and Uno 5V system, so a logic level shifter (converter) should be used. 

Pull-up resistors: I2C Bus Pullup Resistor Calculation (Texas Instruments, Feb 2015). 

<syntaxhighlight lang="python">
from amchine import Pin, I2C
from time import sleep

MSG_SIZE=15
i2c = I2C(0, scl=PIN(17), sda=PIN(16), freq=100000)
addr = i2c.scan()[]
i2c.writeto(addr, 'Hi from Pi')
sleep(0.1)
a = i2c.readfrom(addr, MSG_SIZE)
print(a)
</syntaxhighlight>

The Arduino Code is in Girhub: https://github.com/tinkertechtrove/pico-pi-playing/blob/main/arduino-i2c/sketch_i2c_sub/sketch_i2c_sub.ino



More information:
* https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Wkk1aNWj6sQ
* https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Wh-SjhngILU

== Programming ==

Raspberry Pi Pico can be programmed using Micropython or C/C++. This will deal only with MicroPython.

To upload your file to Pico, it need to be put into bootloader mode: hold down the '''bootsel''' button while plugging the USB cable: it should show up as a drive called RPI-RP2.

IDE's
* Thonny is the da facto
* [https://dev.to/blues/your-first-steps-with-raspberry-pi-pico-and-visual-studio-code-4jbd VS Studio]: MicroPico (the id is paulober.pico-w-go). If not found use this https://github.com/microsoft/vscode/issues/108147 because some Linux distros use OpenVSX.

Picographics, see https://github.com/pimoroni/pimoroni-pico/blob/main/micropython/modules/picographics/README.md There is functions for eg
* drawing a line, circle, rectangle, triangle, polygon
* limited sprite support
* display jpeg files


=== Thonny ===

# Connect the USB cable while '''bootsel''' button is pressed: RPI-RP2 is found on device manager. If not working, check other cable.
# Copy the ''pimoroni-galactic_unicorn-v1.20.6-micropython.uf2'' to RPI-RP2.
# Start thonny; see the right down corner that correct device is connected. If not, choose it from the list (right down corner).
# Program.
# Run/ Stop / Load.

=== Micropython ===

Some libraries are needed. Download from https://github.com/pimoroni/pimoroni-pico/releases 

<syntaxhighlight lang="python">
from picographics import PicoGraphics, DISPLAY_GALACTIC_UNICORN
</syntaxhighlight>
Manual: [https://github.com/pimoroni/pimoroni-pico/tree/main/micropython/modules/picographics PicoGraphics] 

<syntaxhighlight lang="python">
from galactic import GalacticUnicorn
</syntaxhighlight>
Manual: [https://github.com/pimoroni/pimoroni-pico/blob/main/micropython/modules/galactic_unicorn/README.md GalacticUnicorn]


<syntaxhighlight lang="python">
from machine import Pin, I2C
</syntaxhighlight>

== Text and Fonts ==

Stationary, centred, scrolling text.

=== Font library ===

Nice 5x3 characters: https://forums.pimoroni.com/t/galactic-unicorn-small-numeric-characters/20766

== Sound ==

== Effects ==

* Bouncing ball: https://www.instructables.com/Galactic-Unicorn-Bounce-Simple-GFX-Demo/
*

== Physically modeled fire ==

Pressing B gives some flames, but this is not what I am looking for. It is located at GitHub https://github.com/pimoroni/pimoroni-pico/blob/main/micropython/examples/galactic_unicorn/fire_effect.py

See https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bRXrL-8CTmg for a simple idea of a flame.
* Draw vertical sine wave and animate that
* Draw a circle to the point where the flame originates. I'll use Bresenhams algorithm; see https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/bresenhams-circle-drawing-algorithm/ However, there is no need to draw actual circle.
* The circle should be expanded according to the sine function to look like a flame. Two easy option:
*# Use linear function; eg <pre>x in range(nmax+y/2-5)</pre> where y is the height (in pixels, inverted)
*# Use some probapilistic method; eg starting width and shorten it by one or 2.
* Use smaller and larger circles with different colors. Colors
** Yellow (Orange) smallest
** Red mid-one
** Yellow largest
* Add more flames and make it asynchronous: make a flame object or sprite. Sprite would be easy, just create the animation in 128x128 pixel spritesheet. Thus, I'll try using objects. 




More detailed: http://graphics.ucsd.edu/~henrik/papers/fire/fire.pdf
*

Add flashing: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T7LOWIrUKwY